Robots' potential to take over the world is a commonly expressed fear in the world of artificial intelligence, but at least one Turing Award winner doesn't see it happening that way. Rather than replacing mankind, technology will create a new kind of human that will coexist with its predecessors while taking advantage of new tech-enabled tools.
So argued Raj Reddy, former founding director of Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute and 1994 winner of the Turing Award, at the Heidelberg Laureate Forum in Germany last week.
"I could not have predicted much of what has happened in A.I.," Reddy told an audience of journalists at a press conference. "Four or five things happened in A.I. in the last decade that I didn't think would happen in my lifetime," including achievements in language translation and A.I.'s triumph at the game of Go.
Such victories have arrived early largely because computing power has advanced so rapidly, Reddy said, enabling capabilities that had been rejected as impossible not so long ago. Next, there will be a new step in human evolution where Homo sapiens evolves into what one might call "Homo connecticus," he said.
The new species will likely look just like us, but will be enabled in new ways by artificial intelligence and other technologies. "It might not be genetic, but rather external, through tools," Reddy said.
The next 30 to 50 years will usher in at least one more giant leap in computing power, he said. While futurist Ray Kurzweil has predicted the "singularity" around that time, leading to the demise of today's humans, "I don't think so," Reddy said.
Instead, we'll eventually see the emergence of Homo connecticus.
"They could theoretically kill everyone else, but we don't go around killing all the chimps and monkeys, even though we evolved from them," he said. "The same will be true with A.I."
This new species won't be competing for the same resources the way Homo sapiens and Neanderthals did. Accordingly, "they'll leave the rest of the people alone."
Reddy doesn't expect this shift to happen within the next 100 years, but it may in the next 1,000, he said.
"We should be prepared, but we shouldn't worry about it at this point," he said. "When it happens, it will be a peaceful coexistence."
Real tech surprises don't happen that often, but Apple has a knack for pulling them off.
We’re just a few days away from Apple’s annual Worldwide Developers Conference kick-off keynote, and while the rumors are flying faster and more furious than a Vin Diesel movie, there’s still a general feeling that we’ve only scratched the surface of what Apple plans to discuss.
That impression was only confirmed earlier this week as Apple senior vice president Phil Schiller briefed several press outlets on coming changes to Apple’s App Stores, explaining to Daring Fireball’s John Gruber that the company had “a busy enough keynote” that it wanted to do these announcements beforehand.
Well done, Phil—you’ve piqued all of our interest. Given the substantive nature of the App Store changes, it leaves me wondering, what else so important is in the keynote that all of this got pushed out ahead of time?
The truth is, Apple’s got its fingers in a lot of pies right now, so it’s hard to know exactly which ones will make it to the forefront next week. While some seem like gimmes—new versions of iOS and OS X (now MacOS, perhaps?)—there are a number of other areas into which Apple might make a foray for that vaunted wild card spot.
Voice-activated speaker
Ever since the success of the Amazon Echo took much of the tech world by surprise last year, there’s been talk that some of the other big tech companies might decide they want a piece of that market too. Google delivered in its I/O keynote last month by announcing the Google Home, which offers a lot of the Echo’s same features, plus integrates with Google’s other devices and services.
The Google Home is a speaker and microphone that brings Google Assistant into any room in the house.
Some, including my esteemed colleague Mr. Snell, expect Apple to follow suit. Me, I’m still on the fence. Given the popularity of voice-based interfaces, I do believe Apple will be putting a lot of emphasis on Siri on all of its platforms: Mac, iOS, TV, Watch. Does that mean rolling out yet another device? Maybe. But I think that presents challenges for Apple, not least of which is adapting to a device where the only interface is voice. If that’s how you’re going to roll, your voice processing better be top notch.
What I’d like to see instead is Apple figuring out a way to leverage all of the Apple devices already in our house to create a sort of ambient computing network. Rather than adding another device with seven microphones, use the seven microphones I already have between my iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, and Macs to figure out what I’m saying and decide the best method and vector in which to provide a response: have my Mac say something if I’m near it; have my Watch buzz me if I’m wearing it; have my iPhone pop up the answer if I’m looking at it. The meshing of software, hardware, and services is supposed to be Apple’s secret sauce, so let’s see that sauce in action.
Virtual reality
Speaking popular new devices, there’s also been some noise about Apple doing its own virtual reality headset. Earlier this year Tim Cook said VR had “interesting applications” and commented that he didn’t think it was a niche. Avid Apple watchers might remember Cook uttering similar statements about wrist-based wearables and the TV, areas where Apple eventually released products.
Does any of that point to a VR headset appearing next week? I sincerely doubt it. There’s always a possibility it could come out of left field, but I think at the moment Apple is still trying to lock down how those “interesting applications” intersect with the kind of things it wants to do. Right now, games are proving to be the hot spot for VR, and while Apple’s mobile devices have proved to be popular gaming machines, the company’s never shown itself to be devoted to gaming to the extent that it wants to build hardware specifically for it. (Despite pushing the new Apple TV as a game machine, for example, the company has still left compatible game controllers to third parties.)
Even more to the point, the VR sector is extremely unsettled right now, and it’s unclear whether it’s going to be a flash in the pan or a technology that’s here to stay. The Apple of the last decade or so isn’t traditionally the type to commit a lot of resources to hardware that it doesn’t think has staying power, so I think the company is still in wait-and-see mode where VR is concerned.
TV subscription service
While it still hasn’t supplanted traditional television, streaming is gaining fast. Apple’s made a hard play into the streaming music space with Apple Music, but a companion streaming video service has, by all whispers, been stopped in its tracks a few times now. Much as I’d love to see Apple roll out a subscription TV service, there’s a lot that needs to be done first, most difficult of which is getting reluctant content providers onboard.
Perhaps Apple’s new App Store subscription rules will lead to more streaming services on the Apple TV, like Sling TV, while we wait for Apple’s own service.
The company also seems to have its hands full with streaming music, so I don’t believe it’s ready to jump into a second media service quite yet. And the Apple TV, as much as I still use it, is in need of some tweaks and improvements before it’s ready to take on the weight of such a major new initiative.
The wild card
I must confess, I’m looking forward to what the wild card slot will bring at this year’s keynote. Apple’s one of the few companies that can still deliver on surprising announcements, and that’s one reason it guards its privacy so zealously. As someone who’s paying close attention to tech each and every day, being taken by surprise is a rarity—even less so when it’s a positive surprise.
By and large, this blog is for my own amusement. Anyone reading it, is a member of an exclusive club. Yet, it may have made a difference.
secure.ssa.gov was not secure on Sept. 4, 2016
I recently wrote that the secure section of ssa.gov, the website of the US Social Security Administration, was not secure. As shown above, it was rated C, a really bad grade, at the SSL Server Test run by SSL Labs.
The main section of the site, the "www" portion, was perfectly secure, yet the section where citizens entered their userid/password (secure.ssa.gov) had two SSL/TLS security flaws.
These weren't headline-grabbing flaws; no security company was pointing a finger at Russian hackers. No one knows how many, if any, passwords leaked because of the flaws. And, judging by the page view reports from Computerworld, very few people read about them.
I tried to contact the Social Security Administration, but never heard back.
Secure.ssa.gov is now perfectly secure
Despite all that, my previous blog may have made a difference. The previously insecure secure.ssa.gov is now, actually, really secure. The current rating from SSL Labs is shown above.
Thanks to Twitter user avareltech for pointing this out.
If there is a lesson here, it's that securing SSL/TLS (the protocols underlying HTTPS for secure web pages) is hard. A look at any full report from SSL Labs shows just how complicated it is. Claims that data is transmitted securely, should be taken with a grain of salt.
And, props to you for reading this far. If there is anything less likely to garner attention than Defensive Computing, it's good news.
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